Rare Facial Replantation Performed at UAMS

UAMS mails out a publication called UAMS Consult a few times each year. I found a pdf file of their March 2007 issue online (no longer active, 2013) but couldn’t find the current one with this case report. So I’m taking the liberty (they may ask me to take it down) to publish it here.

The 20-year-old patient presented to the UAMS Emergency Department via ambulance from Malvern, about 50 miles away. The patient’s nose, upper lip and most of his right cheek were amputated by the edge of a hollow metal pole that came through the patient’s windshield during the single-vehicle rollover accident. He also had multiple facial fractures with extensive damage to the palate and teeth.

At the accident site, the property owner directed emergency responders to the severed portion of the patient’s face some distance from the vehicle. The avulsed tissue was properly stored and brought to the ED along with the patient.

Only One Choice

Mauricio Moreno, MD, director of the UAMS Head and Neck Cancer Division and a fellowship-trained microvacsular surgeon, saw the patient in the ED and determined that the only choice was to attempt one of the largest known composite facial replantation surgeries in medical literature.

The ischemia time was critical to the outcome since most successful replantations of facial tissues are performed in less than 8 hours. Due to inclement weather, an effort to fly the patient to UAMS had been aborted, and nearly six hours had passed when the patient was taken to surgery.

Without a successful replantation, the patient’s prognosis was poor for both function and appearance. No amount of plastic and reconstructive surgery would provide a cosmetically satisfactory result, and the patient’s ability to eat, drink, or speak would be severely affected.

Prior to surgery, Moreno consulted with UAMS’ Marcus Moody, MD, a facial plastic and reconstructive surgery specialist, who agreed that the facial bone fractures could be repaired at a later date.

The Challenge

Success depended on reintroducing blood supply via a microvascular anastomosis of the facial artery to the angular artery and microvascular anastomosis of the retromandibular vein to the facial vein. Given the nature of the injury, the vessels were severely damaged at the point where they were transected. In order to overcome this problem the vessels were dissected from the transection site until they appeared less damaged, and the anastomosis was made at that point. This was one of the most technically challenging aspects of the case. Very short vessels forced the release of some tissues in the face and neck in order to achieve a tension-free anastomosis.

Moreno worked as quickly as possible, completing the replantation in about two hours, maintaining the total ischemia time just under eight hours.

Six days after surgery, while the patient remained sedated in the ICU, the retromandibular vein thrombosed and the patient was taken back into surgery to repair the clotted vessel. Two days later the same vessel thrombosed again requiring a third – and final – microsurgical procedure.

The episodes of thrombosis likely were related to the vessel trauma that resulted from the accident.

Leeches Help

Because the tissue was unable to accommodate the increased blood flow, medical leeches were flown to UAMS and applied to the replanted tissue for 72 hours. The leeches corrected the venous insufficiency, which can have the same deleterious effect as when replanted tissue gets too little blood supply.

The replantation was a success. It appears to be the largest composite nasal replantation in the medical literature of about 15 cases described worldwide.

Ninety percent of the tissue survived; only a small portion of the patient’s nose and right cheek did not survive, but that tissue can be replaced.

The patient lost vision in his right eye, and the right side of his face is paralyzed as a result of the trauma. Multiple procedures will be needed to repair the numerous facial fractures, restore facial symmetry and achieve the best possible cosmetic and functional outcome.

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Kudos to UAMS.

Shout Outs

Updated 3/2017-- photos and all links (except to my own posts) removed as many no longer active. 

Kim, Emergiblog, is the host for this week’s Angry Birds issue of Grand Rounds! You can read this week’s edition here (photo credit).

Welcome to the Angry Birds edition of that weekly compendium of medical blogosphere goodness, Grand Rounds! I’ve chosen my addiction du jour, Angry Birds, as the theme for my 7th turn as host.

For those who are not familiar, Angry Birds is a game in which Green Pigs steal Bird eggs, causing the Birds to become angry, start screeching and begin catapulting themselves from sling shots in an attempt to destroy the Pigs, who house themselves in various structures and giggle at the Birds.

Got it?
Okay then! Let’s get started!  ………..

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Last Tuesday @EvidenceMatters alerted me via twitter to a panel discussion regarding Vitamin D “Vigorous panel talk: Boosting Vit D - Not enough or too much? Liveblog: http://bit.ly/gL9JuX Video: http://bit.ly”

The webcast of the panel discussion can be viewed here.

The consensus report:  Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D

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I caught part of this great  @radiorounds episode (#509) this past Sunday afternoon.  The episode kicked off “Donate Life” month and  focused on the topics of organ donation and the organ shortage crisis.  It aired live on April 3 and will be available on April 5 on their iTunes page!   

The featured guests included:

• Dr. William K. Rundell, Director of Transplant Surgery at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, Ohio and Clinical Professor of Surgery at the Wright State Univ. Boonshoft School of Medicine

• Dr. John Donnelly, Asst. Professor of Family Medicine at the Wright State Univ. Boonshoft School of Medicine… and a pancreas transplant recipient

• Dr. Alex Tabarrok, Professor of Economics at George Mason University and co-author of the economics blog Marginal Revolution

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Victoria (@vpmedical), Beyond the Bedside, wrote her own post in response to mine:    Hand Transplant vs. Prosthesis

…. As a life care planning expert in amputation injury and limb loss, I find hand transplantation somewhat disturbing.  I can appreciate the technology and biological advances that have allowed transplantation to occur. …….

One need only to review the case of Mr. Jeff Kepner, a bilateral hand transplant patient, to understand the concerns of such a procedure.  One year after his transplant he still regretted his life changing decision. In his words……….

Be sure to read the comment from Wolf on my post.  It is very insightful.

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Engadget had an article by Christopher Trout yesterday:  Bionic eye closer to human trials with invention of implantable microchip

We've had our eye -- so to speak -- on Bionic Vision Australia (BVA) for sometime, and with the invention of a new implantable microchip it's coming ever closer to getting the bionic eye working on real-deal humans. The tiny chip measures five square millimeters and packs 98 electrodes that stimulate retinal cells to restore vision. ……...

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A lovely essay on the origin of how human hair wigs are sourced, created and distributed by Julia Sherman:  She Goes Covered

Following the global hair trade, from the braid-laden Peruvian highlands to the sheitel machers of Borough Park.

I.     In the fall of 2009, Helene Rosen, her husband, Yoni, and eight of their eleven children moved from Baltimore to Cusco, Peru, to harvest human hair.1 Helene is a forty-four-year-old Orthodox Jew and self-proclaimed “master sheitel designer” who began making wigs fifteen years ago, for ten dollars an hour; her custom hairpieces now sell for up to two thousand. “You can bring me any wig,” she said this past winter, sitting at the table in her spare dining room in Cusco, “and I can tell you how old it is, how much it has been worn, and if it has ever been repaired. I can tell you everything about it.”   ……….

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Arkansas Literary Festival begins this Thursday (April 7-13).  One of the authors this year is the son of a long time friend (from college days, a fellow physics grad who now works for Lockheed Martin in laser research). 

Benjamin Hale is a graduate of the Iowa Writers Workshop, where he received a Provost's Fellowship to complete his novel, which went on to win a Michener-Copernicus Award. He has been a night shift baker, security guard, trompe l'oeil painter, pizza deliverer, cartoonist, illustrator, and technical writer. He grew up in Colorado and now lives in New York. The Evolution of Bruno Littlemore is his first novel.

To visit Benjamin Hale's website, click here

Replantation Sonnet

There lays the severed pale digit on ice

Atop the table, freshly draped in blue.

Here rests the clean hand with French nails so nice

The team calmly moves, there is much to do.

K-wires fix  jagged bone ends together.

Tiny arteries stitched, loupes magnify

Hair-fine suture, careful not to gather.

Tourniquet loosened to a rose colored high

Signal transporting cables, yes, the nerves

Repaired; not yet emitting clear signals.

Ribbons, not blue or red, but  white swerve

Into line, moving fingers into balls.

Wound edges, matching pinks, together mold

Into a ring which should have been of gold.